ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL_UK) Exam Dumps

CTFL_UK Exam Format | Course Contents | Course Outline | Exam Syllabus | Exam Objectives

ISTQB has recently launched CTFL 2018 V3.1 with minor changes. You can find all the info needed in the download area.

The Foundation Level Syllabus forms the basis for the International Software Testing Qualification at the Foundation Level.

The International Software Testing Qualifications Board® (ISTQB®) provides it to the national examination bodies for them to accredit the training providers and to derive examination questions in their local language.



Training providers will produce courseware and determine appropriate teaching methods for accreditation, and the syllabus will help candidates in their preparation for the examination.



The Certified Tester Foundation Level in Software Testing

The Foundation Level qualification is aimed at anyone involved in software testing. This includes people in roles such as testers, test analysts, test engineers, test consultants, test managers, user acceptance testers and software developers.



This Foundation Level qualification is also appropriate for anyone who wants a basic understanding of software testing, such as project managers, quality managers, software development managers, business analysts, IT directors and management consultants. Holders of the Foundation Certificate will be able to go on to a higher level software testing qualification.



Fundamentals of Testing



Learning Objectives for Fundamentals of Testing:

- What is Testing-

- Identify typical objectives of testing

- Differentiate testing from debugging

- Why is Testing Necessary-

- Give examples of why testing is necessary

- Describe the relationship between testing and quality assurance and give examples of how testing contributes to higher quality

- Distinguish between error, defect, and failure

- Distinguish between the root cause of a defect and its effects

- Seven Testing Principles

- Explain the seven testing principles

- Test Process

- Explain the impact of context on the test process

- Describe the test activities and respective tasks within the test process

- Differentiate the work products that support the test process

- Explain the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products

- The Psychology of Testing

- Identify the psychological factors that influence the success of testing

- Explain the difference between the mindset required for test activities and the mindset required for development activities



Keywords

coverage, debugging, defect, error, failure, quality, quality assurance, root cause, test analysis, test basis,
test case, test completion, test condition, test control, test data, test design, test execution,
test implementation, test monitoring, test object, test objective, test oracle, test planning, test procedure,
test process, test suite, testing, testware, traceability, validation, verification



Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle



Learning Objectives for Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle

- Software Development Lifecycle Models

- Explain the relationships between software development activities and test activities in the software development lifecycle

- Identify reasons why software development lifecycle models must be adapted to the context of project and product characteristics

- Test Levels

- Compare the different test levels from the perspective of objectives, test basis, test objects, typical defects and failures, and approaches and responsibilities

- Test Types

- Compare functional, non-functional, and white-box testing

- Recognize that functional, non-functional, and white-box tests occur at any test level

- Compare the purposes of confirmation testing and regression testing

- Maintenance Testing

- Summarize triggers for maintenance testing

- Describe the role of impact analysis in maintenance testing



Keywords

acceptance testing, alpha testing, beta testing, change-related testing, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS),
component integration testing, component testing, confirmation testing, contractual acceptance testing,
functional testing, impact analysis, integration testing, maintenance testing, non-functional testing,
operational acceptance testing, regression testing, regulatory acceptance testing, sequential development
model, system integration testing, system testing, test basis, test case, test environment, test level, test
object, test objective, test type, user acceptance testing, white-box testing



Static Testing



Learning Objectives for Static Testing

- Static Testing Basics

- Recognize types of software work product that can be examined by the different static testing techniques

- Use examples to describe the value of static testing

- Explain the difference between static and dynamic techniques, considering objectives, types of defects to be identified, and the role of these techniques within the software lifecycle

- Review Process

- Summarize the activities of the work product review process

- Recognize the different roles and responsibilities in a formal review

- Explain the differences between different review types: informal review, walkthrough, technical review, and inspection

- Apply a review technique to a work product to find defects

- Explain the factors that contribute to a successful review



Keywords

ad hoc review, checklist-based review, dynamic testing, formal review, informal review, inspection,
perspective-based reading, review, role-based review, scenario-based review, static analysis, static
testing, technical review, walkthrough



Test Techniques



Learning Objectives for Test Techniques

- Categories of Test Techniques

- Explain the characteristics, commonalities, and differences between black-box test techniques, white-box test techniques, and experience-based test techniques

- Black-box Test Techniques

- Apply equivalence partitioning to derive test cases from given requirements

- Apply boundary value analysis to derive test cases from given requirements

- Apply decision table testing to derive test cases from given requirements

- Apply state transition testing to derive test cases from given requirements

- Explain how to derive test cases from a use case

- White-box Test Techniques

- Explain statement coverage

- Explain decision coverage

- Explain the value of statement and decision coverage

- Experience-based Test Techniques

- Explain error guessing

- Explain exploratory testing

- Explain checklist-based testing



Keywords

black-box test technique, boundary value analysis, checklist-based testing, coverage, decision coverage,
decision table testing, error guessing, equivalence partitioning, experience-based test technique,
exploratory testing, state transition testing, statement coverage, test technique, use case testing, whitebox test technique



Test Management



Learning Objectives for Test Management

- Test Organization

- Explain the benefits and drawbacks of independent testing

- Identify the tasks of a test manager and tester

- Test Planning and Estimation

- Summarize the purpose and content of a test plan

- Differentiate between various test strategies

- Give examples of potential entry and exit criteria

- Apply knowledge of prioritization, and technical and logical dependencies, to schedule test execution for a given set of test cases

- Identify factors that influence the effort related to testing

- Explain the difference between two estimation techniques: the metrics-based technique and the expert-based technique

- Test Monitoring and Control

- Recall metrics used for testing

- Summarize the purposes, contents, and audiences for test reports

- Configuration Management

- Summarize how configuration management supports testing

- Risks and Testing

- Define risk level by using likelihood and impact

- Distinguish between project and product risks

- Describe, by using examples, how product risk analysis may influence the thoroughness and scope of testing

- ement

- Write a defect report, covering a defect found during testing



Keywords

configuration management, defect management, defect report, entry criteria, exit criteria, product risk,
project risk, risk, risk level, risk-based testing, test approach, test control, test estimation, test manager,
test monitoring, test plan, test planning, test progress report, test strategy, test summary report, tester



Tool Support for Testing



Learning Objectives for Test Tools

- Test tool considerations

- Classify test tools according to their purpose and the test activities they support

- Identify benefits and risks of test automation

- Remember special considerations for test execution and test management tools

- Effective use of tools

- Identify the main principles for selecting a tool

- Recall the objectives for using pilot projects to introduce tools

- Identify the success factors for evaluation, implementation, deployment, and on-going support of test tools in an organization



Keywords

data-driven testing, keyword-driven testing, test automation, test execution tool, test management tool

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CTFL_UK PDF Sample Questions

CTFL_UK Sample Questions

iSQI
CTFL_UK
ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL_UK)
https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/CTFL_UK
QUESTION: 54
Which of the following product risks would be most effectively addressed just by
static testing? 3 credits
A. In the delivered application, one of the countries, as specified in the requirements,
has not been correctly implemented.
B. The application takes too long to process a request for additional cover.
C. The test cases do not cover the key requirements.
D. The successful bidder may not deliver all the required functionality on time.
Answer: C
QUESTION: 55
The development manager is managing the review of the responses received from
bidders, and has asked the in-house test manager to provide a review checklist for the
test management aspects of the responses. Which of the following checkpoints would
be appropriate? 2 credits
A. The bidder�s test policy should enforce that incident management fully conforms
to IEEE 1044.
B. The bidder�s project strategy shows that the data content of all the test
environments conforms to EU standards.
C. The bidder�s test plan shows that the application will be delivered for acceptance
in six months time.
D. The bidder�s project test plan depicts a phased implementation with later delivery
dates to be confirmed and states that test deliverables will be developed using IEEE
829 as a guide.
Answer: D
QUESTION: 56
Which one of the following estimation approaches is appropriate at this stage of the
project? 2 credits
A. Create an estimate based on the function point analysis technique and test point
analysis
B. Create an estimate based on the complexity of the code
C. Create an estimate based on the credentials of the successful bidder
D. Create an estimate based on a percentage of the development effort
21
Answer: A
QUESTION: 57
Why might a RAD approach be a better option for the test manager rather than a
sequential development? 2 credits
A. It will extend the development team�s abilities and enhance future delivery
capabilities.
B. It will allow the marketing, clerical and testing staff to validate and verify the early
screen prototypes.
C. Time-box constraints will guarantee code releases are delivered on schedule.
D. More time can be spent on test execution as less formal documentation is required.
Answer: B
QUESTION: 58
Which of the following is NOT a typical key challenge for testing in a RAD based
development approach? 1 credit
A. Re-usable test scripts for (automated) regression testing
B. Project management and control
C. No complete requirements specification
D. Time-boxing
Answer: B
QUESTION: 59
As a result of the RAD based development approach, the test manager has decided to
change the risk mitigation approach. Which test technique might be most appropriate
to use? 2 credits
A. Decision Table Testing
B. Boundary Value Analysis
C. Error Guessing
D. Exploratory Testing
Answer: D
QUESTION: 60
22
The business has asked for a weekly progress report. Which of the following would
be appropriate as a measure of test coverage? 2 credits
A. Percentage of business requirements exercised
B. Percentage of planned hours worked this week
C. Percentage of countries that have test scenarios
D. Percentage of test iterations completed
Answer: A
Section 11: Sec Eleven (61 to 61)
Details: Topic 11, Scenario 11 "Incident Management"
The following is the current incident handling process in used at the company.
Step 1: Incident is documented in the incident Tile with the following information:
- Software module or area where the fault occurred
- Who has reported the fault
- Hardware configuration used for the test that found the fault
- The sequential incident number (1 greater than the last one recorded)
Step 2: Developer assigned to fix the fault
Step 3: Developer fixes the fault
Step 4: Developer signs off the incident as closed, and it is then removed from the
incident file
QUESTION: 61
Regarding the process described above, what is the most important recommendation
you would make using IEEE 1044 as a guide? 2 credits
A. No priority or severity assigned
B. Incident numbering is manual rather than automated
C. No mentioning of reproduceability
D. No classification on type of incident
Answer: A
Section 12: Sec Twelve (62 to 65)
Details: Topic 12, Scenario 12 �Automatic Teller Machine (ATM)�
You are a test manager in charge of integration, system and acceptance testing for a
bank. You are working on a project to upgrade an existing ATM to allow customers
to obtain cash advances from supported credit cards. The system should allow cash
advances from �20 to �500, inclusively, for all supported credit cards. The supported
credit cards are American Express, VISA, Eurocard and Mastercard. In the master
test plan the following items are listed in the section named �items and/or features to
be tested�:
23
I All supported credit cards
II Language localization
II Valid and invalid advances
IV Usability
V Response time
QUESTION: 62
Relying only on the information provided in the scenario, select the TWO items
and/or features for which sufficient information is available to proceed with test
design. 2 credits
A. All supported credit cards
B. Language localization
C. Valid and invalid advances
D. Usability
E. Response time
Answer: A, C
QUESTION: 63
Continuing with the Scenario described in the previous question, which of the
following topics would you need to address in detail in the master test plan? 3 credits
A. An approach to regression testing
B. A list of boundary values for �advance amount�
C. A description of dependencies between test cases
D. A logical collection of test cases
Answer: A
QUESTION: 64
Given the following figures for the testing on a project, and assuming the failure rate
for initial tests remains constant and that all retests pass, what number of tests remain
to be run? 3 credits
A. 700
B. 720
C. 784
D. 570
Answer: B
24
QUESTION: 65
Given is the following defect removal chart reported at the end of system testing -
showing total defects detected and closed defects (fixed and successfully retested). A
number of open defects are classified as critical. All tests have been executed. Based
on the chart above, what is the most appropriate next test phase? 1 credit
A. Acceptance testing to verify the business process
B. Acceptance testing to verify operational requirements
C. Requirements testing as part of testing regulatory compliance
D. Another system test cycle to verify defect resolution
Answer: D
25
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CTFL_UK ISTQB cheat sheet

ChatGPT cheat sheet: comprehensive ebook for 2023

ChatGPT reached one hundred million monthly clients in January, in keeping with a americafile, making it the quickest-growing to be buyer app in history. The enterprise world is drawn to ChatGPT too, trying to discover makes use of for the writing AI all over many different industries. This cheat sheet contains solutions to the most regular questions on ChatGPT and its competitors.

soar to:

ChatGPT is a free-to-use AI chatbot product developed via OpenAI. ChatGPT is built on the constitution of GPT-four. GPT stands for generative pre-proficient transformer; this indicates it is a huge language model that exams for the likelihood of what words could come subsequent in sequence. a large language model is a deep gaining knowledge of algorithm — a type of transformer model by which a neural community learns context about any language sample. That may be a spoken language or a laptop programming language.

The mannequin doesn’t “know” what it’s asserting, but it surely does understand what symbols (phrases) are prone to come after one yet another according to the data set it turned into proficient on. The current era of artificial intelligence chatbots, corresponding to ChatGPT, its Google rival Bard and others, don’t definitely make intelligently counseled decisions; as a substitute, they’re the cyber web’s parrots, repeating words which are more likely to be found subsequent to at least one an additional for the duration of natural speech. The underlying math is all about likelihood. The groups that make and use them pitch them as productiveness genies, growing textual content in a remember of seconds that might take an individual hours or days to supply.

In ChatGPT’s case, that records set is a big element of the cyber web. From there, people provide feedback on the AI’s output to confirm no matter if the phrases it makes use of sound herbal.

SEE: OpenAI’s likelihood assessments had been informed on Microsoft’s Azure AI supercomputer.

a number of groups have constructed this potential to reply questions into a few of their application facets too. Microsoft, which offers funding for OpenAI, rolled out ChatGPT in Bing search as a preview. Salesforce has added ChatGPT to some of its CRM structures in the form of the Einstein digital assistant.

ChatGPT turned into developed by using OpenAI, a research laboratory with each nonprofit and for-profit branches. on the time of its founding in 2015, OpenAI received funding from Amazon web capabilities, InfoSys and YC analysis and traders together with Elon Musk and Peter Thiel. Musk has due to the fact that cut ties with the enterprise, whereas Microsoft currently gives $10 billion in funding for OpenAI.

the bottom edition of ChatGPT can strike up a dialog with you for free of charge. For $20 monthly, ChatGPT Plus gives subscribers precedence access in individual cases, sooner response instances and the probability to use new features and improvements first. as an example, right now ChatGPT Plus subscribers will be running GPT-four, whereas anyone on the free tier will talk to GPT-3.5.

For builders and groups who don’t already have a selected contract with OpenAI, there's a waitlist for access to the ChatGPT API.

It’s easy to use the free edition of ChatGPT. You should sign in for an account with OpenAI, which comprises fetching a confirmation code out of your e-mail; from there, click through and supply your identify and make contact with quantity. OpenAI will warn you that the free version of ChatGPT is “a free research preview.” For the Plus version, you’ll see an “improve to Plus” button on the left aspect of the domestic page.

For groups, ChatGPT can additionally write and debug code, in addition to create stories, shows, emails and websites. In regularly occurring, ChatGPT can draft the variety of prose you’d seemingly use for work (“Write an e-mail accepting an invite to communicate at a cybersecurity convention.”). ChatGPT can answer questions (“What are equivalent books to [xyz]?”) as neatly. Microsoft confirmed off these points in its announcement that OpenAI is coming to notice and a few different components of the 365 business suite.

On might also 18, 2023, OpenAI introduced the launch of the free ChatGPT app for iOS. The business stated the app syncs your history across instruments, and that it integrates with its open-source speech-consciousness gadget Whisper. On the iOS app, OpenAI talked about ChatGPT Plus subscribers get unique entry to GPT-four’s capabilities, early entry to facets and sooner response instances.

OpenAI all started this rollout in the U.S. As of may also 24 it improved to eleven more international locations — Albania, Croatia, France, Germany, ireland, Jamaica, Korea, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, and the united kingdom, with more anticipated to observe.

In OpenAI’s announcement for the the ChatGPT app for iOS, the business cited, “Android users, you’re subsequent! ChatGPT should be coming to your gadgets soon.”

OpenAI continues to replace ChatGPT and its other capabilities with developer-focused adjustments.

OpenAI all started a malicious program bounty application on April 12, offering between $200 and $20,000 to ethical hackers who locate vulnerabilities within the code. greater important vulnerabilities web bigger bounties.

OpenAI isn’t trying to find solutions to problems with ChatGPT’s content material (e.g., the frequent “hallucinations”); as an alternative, the organization desires hackers to record authentication concerns, facts exposure, payments concerns, security issues with the plugin advent gadget and extra. details concerning the worm bounty software can also be found on Bugcrowd.

GPTPlus users received entry to a beta version of net shopping and Plugins on the week of can also 12. The beta contains net shopping mode, during which ChatGPT will once in a while access the web to drag in suggestions about existing pursuits.

Secondly, the beta edition of ChatGPT will call on third-party plugins at the acceptable times if the person enables them. Third-party plugins will also be accessed within the Plugin store below Plugins in the model switcher. This opens ChatGPT up to greater than 70 third-birthday party plugins.

On June 13, OpenAI added characteristic calling to the Chat Completions API; decreased the cost of their embeddings mannequin (which helps the model interpret tokens); and reduced the cost of input tokens for GPT-three.5 -turbo, one of the vital subscription models for the GPT 3.5 mannequin.

With characteristic calling, builders can describe features to GPT-four or GPT-three.5 faster and the AI will return a JSON object that may name these services. This can be used to create chatbot tools that call external plugins, convert natural language into database queries or API calls, or extract structured data from textual content.

other announcements from OpenAI’s June 13 blog publish include:

With more and more corporations adopting generative AI, many questions arise. Will AI be in a position to fill jobs at present held by means of people? What privacy and ethical issues does it raise? These questions apply to both ChatGPT and its competitors, in view that any generative AI can operate equivalent initiatives.

even if ChatGPT will take jobs away from people is impossible to predict. Goldman Sachs says in an April record that 1 / 4 to a half of people’ workloads may be automatic with generative AI. The monetary institution notes that doesn’t always imply those jobs will disappear – instead, most will be “most effective in part exposed to automation” – and it might probably lead to up to a 7% increase in global GDP.

Roles that are repetitive or in response to very certain rules are certainly to be able to be carried out by means of AI, Steven Miller, professor emeritus of suggestions techniques at Singapore administration university, informed CNBC.

ChatGPT could lead to new job roles being created, too. on the very least, individuals might be crucial to instantaneous, coach and audit AI like ChatGPT. surely, we’ll see the type of shuffle that comes with any principal technological shift as some jobs exchange and others do not.

Some experts refer to the latest wave of AI as comparable to the early days of the cyber web. Technological barriers nevertheless exist, and some estimations about how many jobs can be lost through automation have proven exaggerated in the past. The IEEE aspects out that the AI business will need to be aware about hardware limitations and fees. groups might also not locate it purposeful to spend adequate funds on AI capabilities in order to replace a huge percent of their personnel. Paying users of ChatGPT can make a maximum of 25 GPT-4 queries each three hours, IEEE features out.

In some jobs, the AI may eliminate the need for a first draft, MIT labor economics professor David Autor observed in an interview with CBS MoneyWatch. A human will need to tweak the output and provides in a unique angle or greater dissimilar wording, but ChatGPT may write the bare bones version of a speech or a blog post.

SEE: How ChatGPT might increase jobs as an alternative of replacing them.

possibly impressed through science fiction about AI taking up the earth, some high-profile avid gamers in tech urge caution about giving AI too much free rein. On March 22, 2023, a petition and open letter signed via Elon Musk and many others entreated organizations to pause massive AI development unless extra safeguards can also be in-built.

ChatGPT opens up questions in regards to the ethics of using written content created by way of the algorithm. Posts created by AI should still be evidently marked as such, however what about more informal communication such as emails? enterprise leaders should set up instructions for when to be transparent about the use of ChatGPT or different AI at work.

OpenAI cautions that its items aren't for use for choices in law enforcement or global politics. privacy, which is perhaps a more urgent concern than global domination, led Italy to ban ChatGPT. OpenAI has on the grounds that brought up it wants to find a means to let ChatGPT work inside the European Union’s strict privateness suggestions.

On April 25, 2023, OpenAI announced it has added a Chat historical past & practising atmosphere that lets users turn off their ChatGPT chat background, fighting future models of OpenAI’s tremendous language fashions from working towards on those conversations. To find this option, click on in your account identify, so that you can reveal as your electronic mail handle. select Settings > statistics Controls > Chat background & working towards.

As of now, if this environment isn't chosen, person facts will be fed back into the AI to educate it on producing extra naturalistic and advantageous responses.

OpenAI filters out in my opinion identifiable counsel from the practising information, OpenAI informed Bloomberg. As of April 2023, clients can down load a replica of their ChatGPT chats and see what training data they have got produced. OpenAI additionally plans to launch an business subscription plan by which clients’ data aren't shared by way of default.

ChatGPT’s basic competitors are or may well be Google’s Bard, Baidu’s Ernie, DeepMind’s Sparrow and Meta’s BlenderBot.

ChatGPT’s main competitor is Bard, Google’s AI generative AI chatbot. people who would want to are trying Bard’s chat characteristic need to be a part of a waitlist.

Now Google plans to add Bard into search. In evaluation to ChatGPT, Bard focuses extra on developing prose that appears like a human could have spoken it naturally and less on being in a position to reply any question. Bard is developed on Google’s Language mannequin for speak purposes.

whereas Microsoft is forward of the pack right now in terms of presenting chat capabilities to productiveness utility, the business lags in the back of in terms of its search engine Bing. Google choice-makers allegedly pivoted to urgently roll out a competitor for Microsoft’s choice so as to add generative AI to Bing search. (meanwhile, ChatGPT helped Bing reach a hundred million each day users.)

The chinese search engine Baidu plans so as to add a chatbot called Ernie. Baidu introduced the upcoming trade on March sixteen, at which element the preliminary showing disappointed investors.

OpenAI competes with DeepMind, a man-made intelligence analysis laboratory owned by way of Alphabet. both businesses are significantly distinctive in terms of their aims. DeepMind focuses greater on analysis and has not yet come out with a public-dealing with chatbot. DeepMind does have Sparrow, a chatbot designed especially to help AI communicate in a method it really is “advantageous, suitable and harmless.” DeepMind founder Demis Hassabis informed The impartial in January 2023 that DeepMind might also liberate a non-public beta version of Sparrow later in 2023.

Meta launched BlenderBot in August 2022. The prototype BlenderBot from the enterprise in the back of fb makes a speciality of being able to chat, featuring short, conversational replies as opposed to full paragraphs.

in accordance with The new york instances, Apple is working on leveraging the tech it has, exceptionally Siri, to create a ChatGPT rival. more assistance about what the ultimate product may seem like is thin on the floor for now.

Will ChatGPT be general in online items in the future or is it a technological innovation invariably searching for a enhanced use case? today its “intelligence” is evidently nevertheless within the beginning degrees, with OpenAI including disclaimers about inappropriate content or wrong “hallucinations.” ChatGPT may additionally put the words in a coherent order, nevertheless it received’t necessarily retain the records straight.

meanwhile, AI bulletins that go viral may also be first rate or unhealthy news for investors. Microsoft’s inventory expense rose after the announcement of GPT-four, while Google’s stock dropped when Bard performed badly in a demonstration.

For now, OpenAI says it isn’t practicing GPT-5, the probably successor to today’s model. In a chat at MIT mentioned on by using The Verge, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman pushed lower back towards the open letter – an previous draft of which had brought up that a 5th era turned into on the manner; basically, he criticized the letter’s lack of technical specificity.

“we're doing different issues on properly of GPT-4 that I believe have all sorts of security issues which are important to tackle and had been completely ignored of the letter,” Altman said.

He spoke of no person may still are expecting to see a GPT-5 rollout “for a while.”

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